Petrarch gave up the study of law when he was young and instead devoted himself to literature, particularly the literature of classical Rome. All demonstrate Kristellers wide knowledge. Seigel, Jerrold E. Rhetoric and Philosophy in Renaissance Humanism: The Union of Eloquence and Wisdom, Petrarch to Valla. 230291, Witt sees Petrarch as the most important of the third generation of humanists, the one who gave humanism a more Christian direction. Le scoperte dei codici latini e greci ne secoli XIV e XV. Proponents of humanism believed that a body of learning, humanistic studies (studia humanitatis), consisting of the study and imitation of the classical culture of ancient Rome and Greece, would produce a cultural rebirth after what they saw as the decadent and barbarous learning of the Middle Ages. Study of the Platonic Academy, a group of Florentine humanists and philosophers who studied the writings of Plato and other ancient texts in the 1450s and 1460s. Rummel, Erika, ed. Share Citation . The Poet as Philosopher: Petrarch and the Formation of Renaissance Consciousness. Edited by Christopher S. Celenza and Kenneth Gouwens, 295325. 1453d. Giotto, the Florentine painter responsible for the movement away from the Byzantine style and toward ancient Roman technique, was praised by Giorgio Vasari as "the pupil of Nature." Surtz, Edward. Includes links to other online Renaissance sources and is particularly useful for recent scholarship. Translated and edited by Olga Zorzi Pugliese. The Northern Renaissance & Christian Humanism. The German Humanists and the Beginnings of the Reformation. In Imperial Cities and the Reformation: Three Essays. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1984. Hay, Denys. Humanism influenced the Renaissance periods in Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, and Poland. 1459) was an inveterate searcher for manuscripts of ancient texts who left no stone unturned in his quest to find them. Uncovers hundreds of humanist funeral orations and shows how they followed classical norms and promoted secular and religious ethical values. Introduction, Latin text, and English translation of a humanist treatise on the papal Curia, written in 1438. Offers nearly 1,200 articles, all with bibliographies and written by experts, plus hundreds of illustrations, maps, genealogical charts, and tables, on every aspect of the Renaissance. I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History. The Northern Humanists inspired many people to become more strident in their demands for reforms and the end of abuses such as simony and clerical immorality. Study of how five 15th-century Italian humanists understood and used Virgils Aeneid. Most readers will prefer the one-volume 1966 revised edition, available in paperback, because it streamlines and sharpens the argument. New York: Scribners, 1999. Erasmus as a Translator of the Classics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989. Rodolphus Agricola Phrisius, 14441485: Proceedings of the International Conference at the University of Groningen, 2830 October 1985. Hence, modern scholars have paid considerable attention to his works and his influence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. Grendler, Paul F. Georg Voigt: Historian of Humanism. In Humanism and Creativity in the Renaissance: Essays in Honor of Ronald G. Witt. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Excellent introduction explains his method. Fascinating combination of biography and historiography. Renaissance Humanism: Foundations, Forms, and Legacy. Includes elegant translations of some of Petrarchs poetry. 1657 and 167178, contrasts Kristellers synchronic approach to humanism with Eugenio Garins diachronic approach. General Overviews Because humanism is a vast topic, overviews are few. Hans Barons conception of civic humanism and its origins has stimulated strong criticism and thoughtful assessment. The pope was an elected monarch who, with the aid of the Roman Curia, governed both an international church and the Papal States in central Italy. Humanism in the Early Renaissance | Encyclopedia.com 1467d. Demonstrates how humanists used orations at marriage ceremonies as an opportunity to exalt the value of marriage as a secular value. Nieuwkoop, The Netherlands: De Graaf, 1989. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Humanism - Realism, Politics, Philosophy | Britannica DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511522703Save Citation Export Citation DOI: 10.1353/jhi.1996.0003Save Citation Export Citation Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Bologna, Italy: Il Mulino, 1987. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970. The Profession of the Religious and the Principal Arguments from the Falsely-Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine. Share Citation . Humanism - Wikipedia The link was not copied. It praises the institution and criticizes its members. Inexpensive paperback edition of English translations of Vallas attack on the religious life and key parts of his attack on the Donation of Constantine. Argues for a strong rhetorical element in humanist thought, and that humanists were not necessarily personally committed to civic values. McLaughlin, Martin L. Literary Imitation in the Italian Renaissance: The Theory and Practice of Literary Imitation in Italy from Dante to Bembo. Comprehensive and useful bibliography, although limited to English-language secondary sources and translations. Valla (b. Edited by Lawrence V. Ryan. Short biographies of over 1,900 Renaissance and Reformation figures mentioned in the works of Erasmus; particularly useful for northern Europe. Grendler, Paul F., ed. 1398d. 1515/16d. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. Reynolds and Wilson 2013 is a good starting survey for students and beginning researchers, while Bracciolini 1974 illustrates the excitement of the search for manuscripts. The ultimate iconoclast, Valla attacked traditional ideas in scholarship, history, and religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979. Filelfo in Milan: Writings, 14511477. Civic humanism describes an intellectual movement during the Italian Renaissance in which ideologies emphasizing republicanism emerged: ideologies in. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. This article provides a sampling of some of the best and most influential scholarship on the subject and demonstrates the broad impact of humanism in the era of the Renaissance and Reformation. The Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino. The works of Thomas More (b. Bracciolini, Poggius. 1909d. Stone 1969 provides an introduction to French humanism, while Kelley 1970, McNeil 1975, Lefvre dtaples 1972, and Gundersheimer 1969 offer studies of major figures and themes. Etymology and definition In the 1930s Baron published important articles on 14th- and 15th-century humanism that stand independently of Baron 1955a. The Northern Renaissance | Encyclopedia.com Turin, Italy: Bottega dErasmo, 1969. Letters of Vergerio, who wrote a widely read treatise on humanistic education. Also available online. Translated by Charles Glenn Wallis, Paul J.W. Miller, and Douglas Carmichael. A good starting point both for students and scholars. Share Citation . Turin, Italy: Bollati Boringhieri, 1987. Share Citation . All of its branches are united in the belief that humans are capable of creating a peaceful world without the help of a god or gods. The great Italian scholar Remigio Sabbadini (b. Vol. The Renaissance started in Italy, which had always been very aware of its Greco-Roman heritage. in Art History W hat does it mean to be human? I Tatti Renaissance Library. 1505) used new humanistic techniques. Naples, Italy: Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Storici, 1955. Erasmus: His Life, Works, and Influence. Wilson 1992 provides an overview of this migration, and Monfasani 1976 studies an important Greek emigr scholar. Offers detailed investigations of the humanist Giovanni Caldiera and several female humanists. Brown, Alison. The Confessionalization of Humanism in Reformation Germany. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965. Giotto: The Nativity Humanists paid conscious tribute to realistic techniques in art that had developed independently of humanism. Of letters and liberal art at large, it is best to be silent altogether. Still the best study of Bolognese humanists, especially Filippo Beroaldo the Elder and Codro (Antonio Urceo, b. Pico della Mirandola 1965 provides English translations of three of Picos works. The Social World of the Florentine Humanists, 13901460. DOI: 10.2307/2169225Save Citation Export Citation Vol. Vitruvius described the human figure as being like the principal source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture. Nauert, Charles G., Jr. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. Augustijn, Cornelis. English translation of Lo zodiaco della vita (1976). Erasmus Most famous humanists in Northern Europe. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola: Vita e dottrina. Ficinos views on ancient theology, Socrates, Platonic dialectic, and other topics. Ficino, Marsilio. Chapter 4, pp. McConica, James K. English Humanists and Reformation Politics under Henry VIII and Edward VI. 1395d. Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. Online bibliography listing articles, essays, books, dissertation abstracts, encyclopedia entries, and reviews for the Middle Ages and Renaissance, from 400 to 1700, based at the University of Toronto. A collection of articles arguing for strong Italian influence on German humanism, delineating the characteristics of German humanism, and assessing the importance of humanism in the German Reformation. Surveys the sharp debates between humanists and Scholastic theologians, beginning in Italy and passing to Germany between roughly 1450 and 1550. Baron 1955a and Baron 1955b articulate the basic argument, while Baron 1968 and Baron 1988 add important elements. 1464), a Florentine chancellor and humanist. Kuropka, Nicole. Many reprints and paperback editions. 1463d. This work provides a summary of his life and translates selections from his most important writings. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955a. Rather, Roman humanists, most of whom were born elsewhere and moved to Rome, emphasized the links between imperial Rome and the papacy, between the ancient city and Renaissance Rome. Baron, Hans. Several figures stand out as being the most influential writers. DOI: 10.1515/9781400879052Save Citation Export Citation London and New York: Arkana, 1990. Celenza, Christopher S. Renaissance Humanism and the Papal Curia: Lapo da Castiglionchio the Youngers De curiae commodis. Study of the humanist historian Giovio (b. By contrast, Witt 2000 evicts Petrarch from his position of father of humanism.. Thirteen articles by experts on biblical humanism across Europe. Edited by Karin Maag, 161172. Translated and annotated by Phyllis Walter Goodhart Gordan. The first humanist to achieve international renown was Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), and his interests and ideas shaped the humanist movement for several generations. CD-ROM version available under the direction of Lucinda Floridi (Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1995). Francesco Petrarca (known as Petrarch in English) has been identified as the first humanist, since Georg Voigt called Petrarch the father of Humanism in 1859 (see Voigt 1960 in Origins of Humanism). Edited by Richard S. Sylvester, Craig R. Thompson, Edward Surtz, et al. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955b. Emphasizes the influence of Erasmus in Spain and the subsequent suppression of Erasmian humanism by the Inquisition. London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 19752003. Eight Philosophers of the Italian Renaissance. Baron, Hans. Share Citation . Latin text and English translation. It now covers humanism more broadly but focuses on humanism in northern Europe, especially the Netherlands. When an eight-year-old boy, the son of a prominent Venetian patrician, died in 1460, humanists responded with an outpouring of consoling letters, orations, treatises, and poems. Desiderius Erasmus. Controversies over the Imitation of Cicero in the Renaissance: With Translations of Letters between Pietro Bembo and Gianfrancesco Pico on Imitation; And a Translation of Desiderius Erasmus. DOI: 10.3138/9781442674547Save Citation Export Citation Available online through libraries or by individual subscription. 2014 offers much useful information on humanistic topics and individuals. In the opinion of the majority of scholars, it began in late-14th-century Italy, came to maturity in the 15th century, and spread to the rest of Europe after the middle of that century. Humanism then became the dominant intellectual movement in Europe in the 16th century. A good starting point for advanced students and scholars lacking knowledge in particular fields of study. Articles by ten scholars, most of them critical of Barons conception of civic humanism, often on the grounds that medieval scholars voiced ideas of republican liberty earlier, and that 1402 was not as decisive a turning point as Baron posited. Renaissance Society of America 3. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. The humanist movement embraced the insights of many individual humanists, especially Italians, whose criticism of medieval culture and scholarship and bold pronouncements concerning man, classical studies, philosophy, history, and religion created Renaissance humanism. Guarino da Verona (b. Douglas, Richard M. Jacopo Sadoleto, 14771547: Humanist and Reformer. Biblical criticism was one of the most important and far-reaching effects of humanism both in Protestant and Catholic Europe. Humanism became a significant intellectual force in England during the reign of Henry VIII (b. Also known as Renaissance humanism, the historical program was so broadly and . A detailed study of the combination of humanism and communism in the Utopia. Neapolitan humanism revolved around the court and articulated princely values to some extent. Its humanists were almost always Venetian patricians and citizens who emphasized unanimity, civic responsibility, and allegiance to Aristotelian philosophy, as King 1986 and King 2005 point out. Toronto and Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 19851987. 1536), an influential French biblical humanist. A psychological portrait stressing Calvins humanist tendencies. Pade 2007 is a superb study of the diffusion and influence of a major ancient work, while Kallendorf 1989 studies how humanists used Virgil. Humanism in renaissance Italy - Smarthistory As of January 2017 it listed more than 1,400,000 entries, with new entries added daily. 1584), who used modern historical methods to study ancient Roman history and the Italian Middle Ages. Comprehensive study of a major English churchman and humanist who was executed for refusing to accept Henry VIIIs assertion of supremacy over the Church of England. Comprehensive study of all the historical works of the most influential humanist historian of the 15th century. Bruni 1987 presents the basic works of the most important Florentine chancellor, thus enabling the reader to judge the extent and nature of Leonardo Brunis conception of civic humanism. In Search of Florentine Civic Humanism: Essays on the Transition from Medieval to Modern Thought. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1971. Important study detailing the growth of humanist influence at the English court and the links between humanism and the English Reformation. Excellent collection of studies, the majority in English, about the life and writings of Agricola, who studied in Italy and wrote an enormously influential humanist rhetoric manual first published in 1515, as well as other works. Vergerio, Pier Paolo. Humanistica Lovaniensia has detailed studies on northern humanism in particular, while Italia Medioevale e Umanistica concentrates on the connections between late medieval and early Renaissance scholarly developments in Italy. Humanistic and Political Literature in Florence and Venice at the Beginning of the Quattrocentro: Studies in Criticism and Chronology. Therefore, when it comes to the question of the most valid means for acquiring knowledge of the world, Humanists reject arbitrary faith, authority, revelation, and altered states of consciousness. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill, 2000. 19602011) is a learned extension of his research. Holland born humanist, family very religious, parents died from plague in 1479 and along with brother sent to monastery. Bentley, Jerry H. Politics and Culture in Renaissance Naples. Monfasani 2006 and Celenza 2004 assess Kristellers overall contribution to Renaissance studies. Humanists who desired to write good classical Latin had to decide which ancient writer, if any, they should take as a model. Florence: Felice le Monnier, 1937. Humanism and the Reformation History - Learn Religions Sadoleto combined an influential career in Rome with humanistic biblical studies and an attempt to find some common ground with moderate Protestants. King, Margaret L. Humanism, Venice, and Women: Essays on the Italian Renaissance. Very valuable source. The term humanism did not originate in the Renaissance (although studia humanitatis [humanistic studies] and humanista [Italian for humanist] did) but was coined in early-19th-century Germany as Humanismus (humanism). The fifteenth century: van Eyck In the fifteenth century, northern artists such as Jan van Eyck introduced powerful and influential changes, such as the perfection of oil paint and almost impossible representation of minute detail, practices that clearly distinguish Northern art from Italian art as well as art from the preceding centuries. Kristeller Reconsidered: Essays on His Life and Scholarship. The Humanism of Leonardo Bruni: Selected Texts. Rummel 2000 discusses how Protestant and Catholic controversialists used humanism for their own purposes. 7 vols. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola e la problematica dottrinale del suo tempo. 2, Micropaedia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963. Trinkaus, Charles. Ianziti 2012 offers a detailed study of the most important historian of the early Renaissance. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Bouwsma, William J. Venice and the Defense of Republican Liberty: Renaissance Values in the Age of the Counter Reformation. The Origins of the Platonic Academy of Florence. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. The Renaissance as a unified historical period ended with the fall of Rome in 1527. Humanism is a philosophy of imagination. London: Macmillan, 1969. DOI: 10.3138/9781442674530Save Citation Export Citation While there is no article on humanism per se, the majority of the 211 articles are relevant for major themes and individuals in humanism. 1457) was an immensely important mid-15th-century humanist known for his iconoclastic views about medieval learning, rhetoric, dialectic, history, papal political claims, and his pioneering scholarship on the text of the New Testament. English translation originally published in 1972. Study of Bud (b.c.1467d. It pays particular attention to the influence of Thucydides and Polybius on Leonardo Bruni and his position in Florentine politics. Nauert, Charles G., Jr. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. DAmico, John F. The Progress of Renaissance Latin Prose: The Case of Apuleianism. Renaissance Quarterly 37.3 (1984): 351392. Bouwsma 1968 deals with late Venetian humanism and cultural values in conflict with the papacy. Petrarch: Poet and Humanist. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1983. Philip Melanchthon (b. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 6 vols. The Platonism of Marsilio Ficino: A Study of his Phaedrus Commentary, Its Sources and Genesis. Leonardo da Vinci 's Vitruvian Man (c. 1490) shows the correlations of ideal human body proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in his De Architectura. Social sciences What is new humanism? Study of George of Trebizond (b. Helpful in indicating the classical and Christian sources used, how More used them, and his sense of irony. The goal of this work was to clear out the accumulated weight of the . Kristeller, Paul Oskar. This spread throughout Europe for the next few centuries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952. Hans Barons Crisis. In Florence and Beyond: Culture, Society and Politics in Renaissance Italy; Essays in Honour of John M. Najemy. 1538), a humanist and political thinker, was educated in Italy and contributed to the Anglican middle way between Catholicism and Protestantism. Sowards, J. Kelley. Before 1450, Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy; after 1450, these ideas began to spread throughout Europe. 3 vols. Save Citation Export Citation Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1959. McManamon, John M. Innovation in Early Humanist Rhetoric: The Oratory of Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder. Rinascimento 22 (1982): 332. Sees Valla as an advocate of Pauline theologythat is, emphasizing the themes found in the Epistles of St. Paul, including free will, faith, and salvation in God, in contrast to late medieval Scholastic theology. First published in one volume in 1859, Voigts book has never been translated into English, except for a few well-chosen pages from the 1893 edition excerpted in The Renaissance Debate (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965), edited by Denys Hay; reprinted in 1976 (Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger), pp. Several key works have shaped current scholarship on French and Spanish humanism; all have extensive bibliographies. 1401d. The starting point for study of Venetian humanism. Kristeller, Paul Oskar, F. Edward Kranz, Virginia Brown, James Hankins, and Robert A. Kaster, eds. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986. In most countries pockets of scholars active in the first half of the fifteenth century had tried to revive ancient . 1472/3), the most important of the Greek scholars who came to Italy and wrote a widely used rhetoric textbook. Lists and describes the manuscripts and printed works of Latin editions of ancient Latin and Greek authors up to the year 1600. 1560) was the most humanistic of the major Protestant reformers; see Kuropka 1999 for an English introduction. 7 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957. Nauert 2006 is brief but has the advantage of presenting a single viewpoint, while Rabil 1988 is large and has many authors. McManamon 1982 describes the beginning of Renaissance classicizing rhetoric, while McManamon 1989 and DElia 2004 study how Italian humanists used rhetoric to promote secular values by using different rhetorical genres. Good survey of Vallas thought, with particular reference to philosophy and theology. 1546) was an English humanist who in this book (published in 1531) described the appropriate humanist education for members of the governing class and the virtues that they needed to display. Christine Lin I Isabela Padilha Vilela The Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance occurred after the Italian Renaissance, in the beginning of the 15th century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674435995Save Citation Export Citation Provides reliable facing Latin texts and English translations of important works of Italian humanists.